Key
Embedded Clauses, Relative Clauses, and Nominalized Clauses are italicized.
Motion Particle Phrases are bolded.
Nuvuza Tani
Interlinear
Nuvu berenen kumoza zose tanise.
Nuvu berenen kumoza zose tanise
{ nuvu} { bere=nen} { kumu=za} { zo=se} { tani=se}
{ Nuvu} { name=COM} { man=PATH} { SGin=STAY} { story=STAY}
The story is one which is about a man named Nuvu.
Sama basa sonose, sama karu vususe.
sama basa sonose sama karu vususe
{ sama} { basa} { sono=se} { sama} { karu} { vusu=se}
{ 3SG.RA} { bad} { head=STAY} { 3SG.RA} { rough} { tongue=STAY}
He had a bad head and a rough tongue.
Ŋono alaza yendanen nikevas saŋiyinda samas etede piŋimeyi, pezes sara kodu, venendanen saŋena.
ŋono alaza yendanen nikevas saŋiyinda samas etede piŋimeyi pezes sara kodu venendanen saŋena
{ ŋono} { ala=za} { -=} { =} { ===nda} { sama=s} { etede} { piŋi=me=yi} { pezi=s} { sa=ra} { kodu} { venenda=nen} { sa=ŋi=na}
{ more} { time=PATH} { - = } { = } { = = =SRC} { 3SG.RA=LOC} { full} { pain=INTO=CONT} { away=LOC} { 3SG.RA=GO} { so} { nobody=COM} { 3SG.RA=MOVE=START}
Through more time spent in the vicinity of people he was filled with pain, so he went away and began to live with nobody.
Yendanen nikevas saŋiyihi, saya namanen ŋiri kegevemeyizeza namas zeninoheza samas delino.
yendanen nikevas saŋiyihi saya namanen ŋiri kegevemeyizeza namas zeninoheza samas delino
{ yele-na=nen} { nikeva=s} { sa=ŋi=yi=hi} { sa=ya} { =} { } { ====za} { =} { ===za} { sama=s} { deli=no}
{ person-PL=COM} { vicinity=LOC} { 3SG.RA=MOVE=CONT=POT} { 3SG.RA=CAUS} { = } { } { = = = =PATH} { = } { = = =PATH} { 3SG.RA=LOC} { idea=COME}
If he continued to stay near people, he thought that they would expect that he would continue to make work with them.
Goleza nara kumu saŋiye, saya kuŋinen zase ŋiri kegeveme.
goleza nara kumu saŋiye saya kuŋinen zase ŋiri kegeveme
{ goli=za} { nara} { kumu} { sa=ŋi=yi} { sa=ya} { kuŋi=nen} { za=se} { ŋiri} { kegeve=me}
{ long.time=PATH} { one} { man} { 3SG.RA=MOVE=CONT} { 3SG.RA=CAUS} { desire=COM} { 3PL.IN=STAY} { some} { work=INTO}
For a long time he continued to live as a solitary man, and he worked as he wanted.
Goleza venendanen saŋiyinda sanda laka azis lenese.
goleza venendanen saŋiyinda sanda laka azis lenese
{ goli=za} { =} { ===nda} { sa=nda} { laka} { azi=s} { lene=se}
{ long.time=PATH} { = } { = = =SRC} { 3SG.RA=SRC} { hut} { outside=LOC} { pile=STAY}
After a long time living with nobody, there was a pile outside his hut.
Kozos ŋono pobomoza ŋono pideza ŋono pereteza ŋono muroza saka.
kozos ŋono pobomoza ŋono pideza ŋono pereteza ŋono muroza saka
{ kozo=s} { ŋono} { pobomo=za} { ŋono} { pidi=za} { ŋono} { perete=za} { ŋono} { muru=za} { sa=ka}
{ here=LOC} { many} { spear=PATH} { many} { basket=PATH} { many} { knife=PATH} { many} { mat=PATH} { 3SG.RA=TOUCH}
In there he had many spears, many baskets, many knives, and many mats.
Nara zales kines luŋeta baŋibaŋi.
nara zales kines luŋeta baŋibaŋi
{ nara} { zali=s} { kini=s} { luŋi=ta} { baŋibaŋi}
{ one} { night=LOC} { land=LOC} { star=DOWN} { unexpectedly}
One night a star fell to earth.
Alaza kalatepe gohotepe lakatepe sara.
alaza kalatepe gohotepe lakatepe sa=ra
{ ala=za} { kala-tepe} { goho-tepe} { laka-tepe} { sa=ra}
{ now=PATH} { heat-less} { food-less} { hut-less} { 3SG.RA=GO}
They walked for a time, cold, hungry, and shelter-less.
Sarunos pezes yutonda seleno.
sarunos pezes yutonda seleno
{ sa=runu=s} { pezi=s} { yutu=nda} { sele=no}
{ 3SG.RA=eye=LOC} { away=LOC} { campfire=SRC} { light=COME}
They saw light from a campfire in the distance.
Nuvonda yutu selese.
The light was Nuvu’s campfire.
Hadas tanatana luŋera.
The star hurried to it.
Luŋeya sorove, “Diya liyes tesi gohorahi?”
luŋeya sorove diya liyes tesi gohorahi
{ luŋi=ya} { soro=vi} { di=ya} { liye=s} { tesi} { goho=ra=hi}
{ star=CAUS} { word=OUT} { 2SG=CAUS} { 1SG=LOC} { few} { food=GO=POT}
The star said, “Could you give me some food?”
Kumoya rusuve, “Be! Liyes harazidu linda viri gohose.”
kumoya rusuve be! liyes harazidu linda viri gohose
{ kumu=ya} { rusu=vi} { be!} { =} { ===du} { li=nda} { viri} { goho=se}
{ man=CAUS} { reply=OUT} { no!} { = } { = = =GOAL} { 1SG=SRC} { not.enough} { food=STAY}
The man replied, “No! There is not enough of my food for me to eat.”
“Dinda yutoza tesi kalanen liŋinahi?”
dinda yutoza tesi kalanen liŋinahi
{ di=nda} { yutu=za} { tesi} { kala=nen} { li=ŋi=na=hi}
{ 2SG=SRC} { campfire=PATH} { few} { heat=COM} { 1SG=MOVE=START=POT}
“Could I make myself a little bit warm near your campfire?”
“Kalanen liŋizidu viri yutuse.”
kalanen liŋizidu viri yutuse
{ =} { ===du} { viri} { yutu=se}
{ GOAL} { not.enough} { campfire=STAY}
= } { = = =“There is not enough campfire to make me warm.”
“Ŋiri kele muroza dika.
“You have some fine mats.
Dinda yutoza tesi kalanen liŋinahido vene zeninen diŋi, liya lisataza nara mururazi.”
dinda yutoza tesi kalanen liŋinahido vene zeninen diŋi liya lisataza nara mururazi
{ =} { =} { } { =} { ====du} { vene} { zeni=nen} { di=ŋi} { li=ya} { li=sata=za} { nara} { muru=ra=zi}
{ GOAL} { none} { expectation=COM} { 2SG=MOVE} { 1SG=CAUS} { 1SG=body=PATH} { one} { mat=GO=FUT}
= } { = } { } { = } { = = = =You did not allow that I could make make myself a little bit warm near your campfire; I will put one mat around my body.”
Nuvoya ruluve, “Enda pezes ira!
Nuvoya ruluve enda pezes ira
{ Nuvu=ya} { rulu=vi} { e=nda} { pezi=s} { i=ra}
{ Nuvu=CAUS} { shout=OUT} { 3PL.IN=SRC} { away=LOC} { 3SG.AN=GO}
Nuvu shouted, “Go away from those!
Lidu ese, kegevenen mape vekeve yendodo evu.”
lidu ese kegevenen mape vekeve yendodo evu
{ li=du} { e=se} { kegeve=nen} { ma=pe} { vekeve} { yele-na=du} { e=vu}
{ 1SG=GOAL} { 3PL.IN=STAY} { work=COM} { PL.AN=FAIL} { lazy} { person-PL=GOAL} { 3PL.IN=NOT}
They are for me and not for lazy people who do not work.“
Yozonda siŋi yaha medes luŋera.
yozonda siŋi yaha medes luŋera
{ yozo=nda} { siŋi} { yaha} { mede=s} { luŋi=ra}
{ there=SRC} { tall} { smooth} { tree=LOC} { star=GO}
The star went from there to a tall smooth tree.
Mede yaha satas ŋelona luŋido zenizeni kumu runuŋe.
mede yaha satas ŋelona luŋido zenizeni kumu runuŋe
{ mede} { yaha} { sata=s} { ŋe=lo=na} { luŋi=du} { zenizeni} { kumu} { runu=ŋi}
{ tree} { smooth} { body=LOC} { SG.AN=UP=START} { star=GOAL} { expectant} { man} { eye=MOVE}
The man expectantly watched the star climb the smooth trunk.
Luŋeya peretenen mede kigivinda ono davara.
luŋeya peretenen mede kigivinda ono davara
{ luŋi=ya} { perete=nen} { mede} { kigivi=nda} { ono} { dava=ra}
{ star=CAUS} { knife=COM} { tree} { skin=SRC} { big} { piece=GO}
The star took a large piece of bark with a knife.
Sasataza hara.
It was put around their body.
Saya zimivina, zimenda kerekeremena.
saya zimivina zimenda kerekeremena
{ sa=ya} { zimi=vi=na} { zimi=nda} { kerekere=me=na}
{ 3SG.RA=CAUS} { music=OUT=START} { music=SRC} { magic=INTO=START}
They started to sing, and from the song they started to make magic.
Urinona, inda ŋono zeye oloŋira, lamana tene layisena.
urinona inda ŋono zeye oloŋira lamana tene layisena
{ uri=no=na} { i=nda} { ŋono} { zeye} { oloŋi=ra} { lamana} { tene} { layi=se=na}
{ wind=COME=START} { 3SG.AN=SRC} { many} { dark} { cloud=GO} { hidden} { all} { sky=STAY=START}
The wind started to blow, it made many dark clouds come, and the whole sky started to be hidden.
Tesi tarataratana, laka kahes Nuvora.
tesi tarataratana laka kahes Nuvora
{ tesi} { taratara=ta=na} { laka} { kahi=s} { Nuvu=ra}
{ few} { rain=DOWN=START} { hut} { belly=LOC} { Nuvu=GO}
A little bit of rain started to fall and Nuvu went into the hut.
Tana reŋirana, keses igaravena.
tana reŋirana keses igaravena
{ tana} { reŋi=ra=na} { kese=s} { i=gara=vi=na}
{ flowing} { river=GO=START} { camp=LOC} { 3SG.AN=water=OUT=START}
The river started to flow and it covered the campsite with water.
Water (gara) is, in this sentence anyway, a part of the river, and so possessed.
Lakaza tana reŋirayi, inda pezes ŋono pobomo ŋono pidi ŋono perete ŋono muru era.
lakaza tana reŋirayi inda pezes ŋono pobomo ŋono pidi ŋono perete ŋono muru era
{ laka=za} { tana} { reŋi=ra=yi} { i=nda} { pezi=s} { ŋono} { pobomo} { ŋono} { pidi} { ŋono} { perete} { ŋono} { muru} { e=ra}
{ hut=PATH} { flowing} { river=GO=CONT} { 3SG.AN=SRC} { away=LOC} { many} { spear} { many} { basket} { many} { knife} { many} { mat} { 3PL.IN=GO}
The river flowed around the hut and it washed away the many spears, the many baskets, the many knives, and the many mats.
Tana reŋirayi, inda pezes lakara.
tana reŋirayi inda pezes lakara
{ tana} { reŋi=ra=yi} { i=nda} { pezi=s} { laka=ra}
{ flowing} { river=GO=CONT} { 3SG.AN=SRC} { away=LOC} { hut=GO}
The river continued to flow and washed away the hut.
Medenda medes tanatana Nuvora, ŋiri mede yaha satas oloyo sape.
medenda medes tanatana Nuvora ŋiri mede yaha satas oloyo sape
{ mede=nda} { mede=s} { tanatana} { Nuvu=ra} { ŋiri} { mede} { yaha} { sata=s} { oloyo} { sa=pe}
{ tree=SRC} { tree=LOC} { quick} { Nuvu=GO} { some} { tree} { smooth} { body=LOC} { upwards} { 3SG.RA=FAIL}
Nuvu quickly went from tree to tree, but he failed to climb the trees’ smooth trunks.
Tana reŋirayi, inda pezes Nuvu ira.
tana reŋirayi inda pezes Nuvu ira
{ tana} { reŋi=ra=yi} { i=nda} { pezi=s} { Nuvu} { i=ra}
{ flowing} { river=GO=CONT} { 3SG.AN=SRC} { away=LOC} { Nuvu} { 3SG.AN=GO}
The river continued to flow and washed away Nuvu.
Pezes yalata zara Nuvu sazarudu luŋi sareŋe.
pezes yalata zara Nuvu sazarudu luŋi sareŋe
{ pezi=s} { yalata} { za=ra} { Nuvu} { sazaru=du} { luŋi} { sara=ŋi}
{ away=LOC} { dying} { PL.IN=GO} { Nuvu} { voice=GOAL} { star} { ear=MOVE}
The star listened to Nuvu’s voice, which was dying away.
Nuvonda nuvume, inda nuvunuvu saruviyi.
Nuvonda nuvume inda nuvunuvu saruviyi
{ Nuvu=nda} { nuvu=me} { i=nda} { nuvunuvu} { saru=vi=yi}
{ Nuvu=SRC} { owl=INTO} { 3SG.AN=SRC} { mournful} { noise=OUT=CONT}
Nuvu was changed into an owl and he continued to cry mournfully.