Key

Subject Phrases (A, S, CS) are double underlined. Object Phrases (O, CC) are single underlined. Peripheral Phrases are dashed. Verb Phrases are unmarked. Clauses are set off by vertical lines.

Peyada, Cisena Taboni Yisena (Coyote and Cottontail’s Children)

Interlinear

Dunnotodabena Peyada cisena Taboni yisenabena.

dunno
see
-to
-DP+REP
=da
=this.3A
=bena
=that+PL.3O
Peya
Coyote
=da
=this.3A
cisena
children
Taboni
Cottontail
yisena
child+PL
=bena
=that+PL.3O

Coyote saw the children of Cottontail.

Tagging: both A and O are tagged. Both A and O are class 1 rational animate nouns. Class 1 nouns cannot be possessed, but they can participate in an associative construction. The associative construction pairs a noun with a rational animate associate as N1 N-associate. Any classifier in the construction would reference the first noun. Here we have N1 as cisena followed by the associate Taboni, a proper name, followed by the classifier yisena for children, all tagged as O.

Jede kadde sedetosana yisenasana.

jede
game
kadde
act
sede
PROG
-to
-DP+REP
=sana
=that+PL.3A
yisena
child+PL
=sana
=that+PL.3A

The children were playing.

Jede is a class 4 noun acting as the means via which the subject kaddes or 'acts'. It is thus part of the verb phrase.

Nome sedetosananu yenne doŋiŋi, kuppe sedetosananu lada todudu, kuno dape sedetosananu doŋibuduŋi gosone.

nome
come.out
sede
PROG
-to
-DP+REP
=sana
=that+PL.3A
=nu
=N4
yenne
pair
doŋi
eye
=ŋi
=REFL
kuppe
throw
sede
PROG
-to
-DP+REP
=sana
=that+PL.3A
=nu
=N4
lada
sky
todudu
surface+to
kuno
have
dape
ITER
sede
PROG
-to
-DP+REP
=sana
=that+PL.3A
=nu
=N4
doŋibudu
eye-socket
=ŋi
=REFL
gosone
hollow+via

They were pulling out their own eyes, they were throwing them to the sky, they were getting them back to their eye-sockets.

Three clauses, one after the other. Bodyparts are a subclass of class 4 nouns that are inalienably possessed. That is indicated by the pronominal clitic attached to them.

Jede kadde tellotoda Peyada.

jede
game
kadde
act
tello
MUST
-to
-DP+REP
=da
=this.3A
Peya
Coyote
=da
=this.3A

Coyote must play.

Doŋida xeye lohogonu teneto.

doŋi
eye
=da
=this.3A
xeye
dark
loho
sun
=go
=like
=nu
=N4
tene
sit
-to
-DP+REP
=∅
=3

His eyes were dark and shiny.

Nometodanu doŋiŋi, lada todudu kuppetodanu.

nome
come.out
-to
-DP+REP
=da
=this.3A
=nu
=N4
doŋi
eye
=ŋi
=REFL
lada
sky
todudu
surface+to
kuppe
throw
-to
-DP+REP
=da
=this.3A
=nu
=N4

He removed his eyes and threw them up to the sky.

The O clitic nu references class 4 nouns, including inalienably possessed ones like doŋi=ŋi.

Senete mede takosu settato.

senete
tree
mede
tree
takosu
horizontal+at
setta
stop
-to
-DP+REP
=∅
=3

They stopped on a senete tree.

Shape classifier used with living thing (the tree) because referencing part of the tree.

Mede kugi kennitodama, data deye seppetodanu.

mede
tree
kugi
touch
kenni
hit
-to
-DP+REP
=da
=this.3A
=ma
=N2
data
fall
deye
LET
seppe
FAIL
-to
-DP+REP
=da
=this.3A
=nu
=N4

He shook the tree; he failed to make them fall.

Dini noyetosana cisena Taboni yisenasana, dini noyetosanamo.

dini
laugh
noye
emerge
-to
-DP+REP
=sana
=that+PL.3A
cisena
children
Taboni
Cottontail
yisena
child+PL
=sana
=that+PL.3A
dini
laugh
noye
emerge
-to
-DP+REP
=sana
=that+PL.3A
=mo
=this.3O

Cottontail's children laughed, they laughed at him.

Ambitransitive noye also incorporates manner nouns, here dini 'laugh'.

Casada Peya goso kujeto.

casa
belly
=da
=this.3A
Peya
Coyote
goso
hollow
kuje
twist
-to
-DP+REP
=∅
=3

Coyote's stomach twisted.

Da-kutta-dapetodabena.

da
go
kutta
FORCE
dape
ITER
-to
-DP+REP
=da
=this.3A
=bena
=that+PL.3O

He chased after them.

Kuno seppetodabena, deyetoda.

kuno
have
seppe
FAIL
-to
-DP+REP
=da
=this.3A
=bena
=that+PL.3O
deye
leave
-to
-DP+REP
=da
=this.3A

He failed to catch them; he left.

Mete metepe noye nome tellotodanu doŋiŋi telili.

mete
resin
metepe
resin+from
noye
emerge
nome
LET
tell
MUST
-to
-DP+REP
=da
=this.3A
=nu
=N4
doŋi
eye
=ŋi
=REFL
telili
new

He had to make new eyes from resin.

Totetote tene metegonu Peya doŋida wosape.

totetote
therefore
tene
sit
-∅
-NP
=∅
=3
mete
resin
=go
=like
=nu
=N4
Peya
Coyote
doŋi
eye
=da
=this.3A
wosape
from.then

Ever since, Coyote's eyes were like resin (dull yellow).

No color term for yellow.

 

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